Sunday, October 28, 2012

The Conference Debrief


Ok…that’s a wrap for the conference.  Now I feel the need to Debrief.  So, for anyone who reads this, if you haven’t read the prior two posts, it won’t make a lot of sense, but here goes.

What I Learned
This conference was really fantastic; so worth the trip to Minnesota to attend.  I learned lots and lots of facts, all of which you can garner for yourself through the links to the presentations.  

But in the big scope of things, what I learned is that if we don’t change our ways….FAST….the Ocean is doomed.  And of course, once we kill the Ocean we have in fact killed our Planet, because life on our Planet cannot exist without a healthy, thriving Ocean.  

What I learned at this conference and through reading Bill Bryson’s book, “The History of Almost Everything” is that life balances on a finely tuned teeter totter.  In other words, there are very tightly framed margins within which life can exist, and we have taken life to the very edges of those margins and are about to push past them.  When we do, there will be no turning back.  

I expect eyes to roll and readers to shrug their shoulders and say, “We’ve heard this before, it won’t happen”….but it will.  We are doing it right now and if you don’t believe it, then watch the presentations!!!

My Forecast for the Future
Unfortunately for readers I have to fess up and embrace the fact that I am a Cynic.  I have no hope, whatsoever, that the course of human action will change from its current direction.  I do in fact think that eventually, in the not so distant future, we will annihilate life on Earth.  What we are up against is ….. Ourselves, and what we are Unwilling to Change or Accept.

So, specifically, what are we up against?
 Ignorance – On the grandest scale and at so many levels it is ignorance that is leading us into the abyss. The masses have no comprehension of the impact of our species on the planet.  And even those who are well educated tend to ignore the facts and information because it is way too inconvenient. 

Then there is the group who proclaims that the earth is too big for our species have that kind of impact, to so radically change the biology and chemistry of Earth.  I say back, the Earth was never intended to support the billions of humans who now inhabit it and that the evidence is everywhere that we are having that kind of impact.  As Dave Gallo said in his presentation, we have become a virus on this planet.  

 Example after example is out there if we just open our eyes to them.
§    Recently I stopped for a visit with family at their campsite.  During the course of the visit I saw them throw plastic spoons and forks into their campfire.  When I made a comment their response was, “Yes, we know we should recycle, but we don’t.”  We have known for a long time about air pollution and what we are doing to our air, and yet there they were, ignoring the very information that will help keep them alive. 

Every time we light a campfire, every time we don’t recycle, every time we use pesticides or herbicides and all the other ‘cides’ that we have created, we are impacting the quality of life on this earth.

§    The news account of moving the space shuttle to its final resting place in California and along the way cutting down 400 trees to get it there is another simple example.  We have known for ions the role trees play in our air quality, and yet 400 are cut down for the sake of moving a space shuttle.  These decisions are made because decision makers think that cutting down just these few trees won’t make a difference…but it does.

·        Government – Our government and all the world’s governments have the information they need to make the tough decisions that must be made.  And yet over and over again we hear they must have more information or the information they have is conveniently ignored.  It is the governments that have the resources and power to make the changes that must be made on the largest scales that we must have to reverse our trajectory…and yet they don’t.  And we as voters, place the issue of ecology and conservation on the very lowest rung of the hierarchy of issues, so that no matter who we vote into office, our path does not change.

·        Wealth - It is the individual wealth that we have in this country and in other developed countries around the world that will block our road to sustainability.  As a people, if we can afford a nice home with all the amenities, most of us are not willing to give up that luxury and take steps to reduce our individual carbon footprint on the planet.  It is a tough decision to make when you have worked so long for what you want to then acknowledge that the very lifestyle you embrace is leading us to a dead planet

If we could take the wealth of the top 50 wealthiest people in just our country and apply that wealth to building sustainable communities that function off the grid….we might begin to make an impact.

·        Poverty – Poverty plays as much of a role as Wealth.  When we look at it from the highest level, we see how developing countries have suffered too long in environments that are debilitating to its citizens.  And yet as countries such as China and India move forward in economic wealth they are repeating the same mistakes that all developed countries have made since the rise of industrialism.  We cannot blame them for wanting what we have taken for granted so long…and yet it is another piece of the matrix that dooms us.

·        Greed – Greed comes in many forms, but the one I want to focus on is the greed of corporations on this planet. 

Since the rise of industrialism we have seen corporations become more and more powerful.  They have an overwhelming presence in our national government, they seek ever larger profits that warp their perspective of what is ethical and moral behavior and their decisions rarely take into account their impact on the sustainability of life.  All you need to do is walk through the isle ways of Wal-Mart to see the most visible signs of their impact. 

The shelves of every major retail outlet are filled with so many products that serve little to no purpose in the quality of our lives and most of that product ends in landfills, landfills that have already become a burden to the planet. 

And that is simply the most visible impact of big business.  Beyond that visibility is an entire big business structure that is almost impossible to stop.  Consider the years and years of cigarette production which evidence now indicates the industry knew exactly the implications of their product on human health.  And yet for years they continued to strengthen the levels of nicotine in their product to ensure continued usage by addicted smokers.

Another example is concisely spelled out in a book I am currently reading; The Quiet World: Saving Alaska’s Wilderness Kingdom 1879-1960 by Douglas Brinkley.  In this book chapter after chapter describes the efforts of the forestry industry, fishing industry, mining, oil, etc., etc. to strip Alaska of the very wilderness that has through the centuries, defined it.  The battles that have been waged by John Muir and those who came after him have been battles of monumental proportions, most, over time, have been lost. 

And it isn’t just big business that wants to strip all of Alaska of its natural resources.  It is also the mentality, off again and on again, toward the wildlife of the region; the overwhelming mindset of so many to annihilate the wolves through not just ‘fair’ hunting practices, but by plane and cyanide baits and bombs, bombs that kill not only wolves but caribou, Dall sheep, other animals and plants.  There were men in their time who bragged over killing 300+ wolves, just from shear hatred.  Men who took pride in their knowledge of how to track down a wolf den and decimate an entire pack. 

Our crime toward nature and life on this planet knows no end.

Yes, I know, that what I write above has little to say about our Ocean, but if you are tuned in nature and her role on this planet, you know that every piece of her is connected.  If you want examples and facts regarding the Ocean, click on the links to the presentations in my first two posts. 

Next Steps
What was interesting to me regarding each of the 8 presentations is that each presenter, while they presented in some instances, facts that are frightening, they all seemed filled with hope and confidence that we would respond to the crisis that is unfolding as you read this.  Most of the presenters ended their Q&A period with a comment regarding what each of us can do to turn the tide…so to speak.  The answer was simple….find your gift and use it for the saving of our Ocean.  

So…I consider my gift the art of communication.  I know that just a few people will read this blog, but if a few read it and that empowers them to identify their gift and aim it toward saving the Ocean, then we are moving in the right direction.  

Specifically, what can be done…

·        First – spend one hour a day for the next 8 days watching each of the presentations.  (You can skip the first chemist…his is too hard to understand, so that cuts it down to 7 days!!!)  GET INFORMED!!  If it is not the Ocean for you, find an environmental issue and make it your own.

·        To press home our impact on the earth, I think I will start researching and blogging on the species that we have caused to go extinct, focusing on our impact on those animals and pushing the fact that life as a whole can go extinct on this planet if we don’t change our ways.  It would also be easy to do likewise with animals that are in danger of going extinct.  Maybe that information will start people to think a little more.

·        Join an environmental organization…there are hundreds out there and one will appeal to you when you find the right one.  Whether it is the Sierra Club, The Wilderness Society, Greenspeace, whatever…find a group you can learn from and who can use your talents….it is time for all of us to step forward and let the world know we are concerned!

·        Learn, learn, learn….never stop learning.  Gather every fact you can and make sure it is a fact.

·        Support our scientists.   Another interesting learning at the conference was from Christopher Sabine, presenter #5.  He commented how the typical role for scientists is to research and gather facts, present those facts and then start all over again. 

He was very pleased with the results of NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory when its team of scientist began working with the fishing industries of the Oregon and Washington coasts.  What they learned from this effort was when the scientist presented the scientific facts to the fishing industries they in turn began using that information to alter their processes for their catches thereby increasing the population of the fish they were catching.  Want more information?  Watch his presentation.  We need to support our scientists to move them out of the labs and into partnerships with big business to make the changes we need to make to save our Ocean and our Planet. 

These are just a few ideas that come immediately to mind for me.  What are your ideas?

So…will I go back next year?? You betcha!!!  The 49th Nobel Conference topic was announced at this year’s conference.  Topic next year is “The Universe At Its Limits”.  Dates are set for October 1 & 2, 2013.  For more information, follow this link….

Saturday, October 20, 2012

Our Global Ocean Conference - Day 2


This is Day 2 of the Nobel Conference at Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN.  Please see prior two posts for intro to this post.  

5th Speaker – Christopher Sabine, Ph.D.
What Does Midwest Coal Have To Do With The Price of Shellfish In Seattle?  Understanding How Fossil Fuels Contribute To Ocean Acidification
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
Seattle, WA

The research of environmental oceanographer Christopher Sabine focuses on the global carbon cycle.  He was among the first to publish scientific data about human-derived carbon dioxide in the ocean and its impact on marine ecosystems. 

Dr. Sabine was very easy to follow and very intriguing.  We have been hearing for many, many years how harmful an over abundance of carbon can be to our environment.  So his point immediately was that the oceans absorb even more carbon than our atmosphere, 50% more and that is leading to the acidification of the oceans. 

He talked about how much carbon has increased in our environment since ancient times (yes, they can collect that type of information).  He also spelled out that of all the human generated carbon into our environment 50% goes into the atmosphere, 26% goes into the land and 24% goes into the oceans. 

Prior to industrialization the world was totally in balance and as a result of industrialization the role of the oceans has been reversed.  Prior to industrialization the oceans released carbon into the atmosphere, now it is absorbing carbon.  And, since carbon dioxide is an acid gas it is having a profound impact on the acidification of the ocean.  One impact is how easy or hard it is for organisms to produce their shells.  And around the world over the next 20 years the growth of corals will slow down dramatically and by the end of the century coral beds globally will no longer be growing. 

There is much, much more to Dr. Sabine’s presentation.  I urge you to watch it via the link below. 

What Does Midwest Coal Have To Do With The Price of Shellfish In Seattle?  Understanding How Fossil Fuels Contribute To Ocean Acidification


6th Speaker – Kathleen Dean Moore, Ph.D.
Red Sky At Morning:  Ethics And The Oceanic Crisis
Spring Creek Project for Ideas, Nature and the Written Word
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR

Environmental philosopher Kathleen Dean Moore writes about moral, spiritual, and cultural connections to wet and wild placesIf you watch no other clip from the Nobel Conference, watch this one!!!

Dr. Moore asked lots of good questions for those of us in the audience to ponder.  She noted that our current course as humans is treading down the path of a reckless destruction of oceanic life.  She noted that we have many, many failures; a failure of imagination, a failure of reverence and a failure of love.  We have created a moral monstrosity on a global scale.  She asked, “How did we lose our way?” By making ourselves the exceptions to all the rules that govern life on earth we are destroying the very systems that support life on earth.

The question that needs to be asked is “What should I do in the world?  And the Answer is in asking myself “What is my gift?” 

This presentation must be watched to garner the full impact, but if you don’t watch it….Dr. Moore left us with a benediction…..

I wish you,
            Balance
            Work of Worth
            Calm Confidence
            Perspective
            Imagination
            Laughter
            Courage


Red Sky At Morning:  Ethics And The Oceanic Crisis



7th Speaker – Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Coral Reefs In A Rapidly Changing Climate: Going, Going, Gone?
Global Change Institute
University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia

Ove Hoegh-Guldberg is a leading coral biologist whose professional interests focus on the impact of global warming and climate change on coral reefs. 

Ove began his presentation by stating that science doesn’t actually know how many species live on coral reefs…he guesses between 1-9 million, most unknown to science.  Coral reefs play a vital role on our earth by feeding 500 million people around the world, serve as break wave action along coastlines and they are also a tourism industry. 

He noted that most if not all will be dead in 20-30 years; which means that our grandchildren and great grandchildren will never experience the awesomeness of snorkeling or diving on the reefs of Grand Cayman, the reefs of Hawaii, the reefs of the Great Barrier, or any reef!!

Ove stated that the major factors threatening the reefs are
·        Over fishing
·        Disturbing the coastline (drag net fishing)
·        Climate change

We all know that human generated gases are increasing the temperature of the planet and as a result with just an increase of .8◦ we are already seeing significant negative consequences.  We know that  95%+ of increased heat is disappearing into the ocean.  These increases lead to increased pH levels which, even if we reverse all of our trends right now, today it will still take 10,000s of years to change the pH of the ocean back to its normal levels. 
He noted that in the 1980’s samples began to come into his lab indicating that the reefs were turning white (bleaching) and dying in the Caribbean.  What they learned from these samples is that…
·        There were no scientific reports regarding this action prior to  1979
·        That bleaching is caused by small (1-2◦C) temperature increases
·        That bleaching is followed by disease outbreaks and coral mortality
·        That there is increased intensity and frequency in the occurrence.
·        By 1998 the scientists were seeing massive coral bleaching.
·        By end of 1998 they measured a 16% of global loss of coral reefs
·        This bleaching action is very predictable
·        Mass coral bleaching is driven by thermal stress

His dire quote is that…”by the end of this decade there will be no coral in the Great Barrier Reef.”

Again, you need to watch this presentation for yourself if what I have shared above concerns you!!

Warning:  He has a very goofy sense of humor!

Coral Reefs In A Rapidly Changing Climate: Going, Going, Gone?


8th & Final Speaker Speaker – Carl Safina, Ph.D
Caught In The Same Net: The Ocean and Us
Blue Ocean Institute
Cold Spring Harbor, NY

Carl Safina is a prominent ecologist and marine conservationist who in 2003 co-founded Blue Ocean Institute, an environmental organization designed to inspire conservation by using science, art and literature to build a ‘sea ethic’.

The middle of this presentation was the best.  Unfortunately Dr. Safina chose to read to us from one of his books for the first 10 minutes of his presentation and the last 10 minutes.  I don’t respond well to being read to, so I skipped forward and found where he put the book aside and gave his presentation. 

He did catch my attention initially when he said what drew him to the scientific study of the ocean was his love of fishing.  This was a hook for me as my father, brother and great-nephew are/were avid fishermen.  I spent many hours in my childhood either on the banks of rivers and lakes with my Dad while he fished or on deep sea fishing boats enjoying the ride while they fished for hours. 

The facts that Dr. Safina shared were of course troubling, to say the least.  He made the comment that “Peace, Nature, Civilization and Human Dignity are all facets of the same gemstone, and abrasion of one tarnishes them all”.

First fact, we have eaten all the Orange Roughy.  If you find it on a menu now they are lying to you.  This species of fish
·        Lived to be 100 years old
·        Didn’t start breeding until they were 30 years old
·        Because we harvested them so thoroughly, they couldn’t resist us, they are now gone

He didn’t need to remind us that humans are a force of nature…that can/do affect extinctions.

Another example is a species of shark that is pregnant for 2 years, longer than elephants.  When we kill the female, we kill the next generation a well. 

Fishing has taken on a whole new perspective with fishermen who blast reefs to scoop up the dead fish and poison the reefs with cyanide to catch fish….(hardly ‘catching’ since the fish are dead when they scoop them up.)

He noted that the Gulf of Mexico is officially a ‘dead zone’ due to farm runoff down the Mississippi River. 

He went on and on with fact after fact of man’s negative impact on the Ocean.  Please watch this presentation.  It is an excellent close to the conference. 

Caught In The Same Net: The Ocean and Us
I will post one more blog regarding this Conference….my personal Debrief: What I learned, What my action steps are.

Sunday, October 14, 2012

Nobel Conference - Our Global Ocean - Day 1



Before I begin I want to say….if you are like me and really sick of what is offered on TV, if reality TV has become way too real with TMI (too much information) then this conference, which is posted on the internet, is an option for you!! 

If you are homeschooling older children, this conference is really for you.  If you are a young person who is thinking about an education in marine biology or other related fields, this conference is for you.  

Please, please check out their website for prior year conference topics to see if there is something there of interest.  This was sooooo much better than anything on TV!!



Monday is pack up day and heading to southwestern Minnesota, about a 4 hour drive from Karen’s home. 

We cross over from Wisconsin into Minnesota and immediately after we have crossed the Mississippi I am aware of the climb up out of the river valley.  Not sure what the gain in elevation is in this part of the country, but for some reason on the drive over I feel as though we are on the top of a plateau.  The country side is rolling and looks like Ohio in many ways in that it is farming country; corn, soybeans and dairy farms. 

We have a conversation as to why Sue, who had to cancel from the trip, booked the hotel in Belle Plain, MN rather than closer to St. Peter which is the location of the conference site.  We know there were no rooms available in St. Peter, but Belle Plain is a 25 miles drive from the college campus.  We worry a bit about what the motel will be like, as it is not a major chain, but when we arrive it turns out to be fine.  The Fair Bridge Inn is part of a larger campus that includes a restaurant, general store, and farmers market; gives us something to look at before we call it a day.

Campus of Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN.
Tuesday, October 2, first day of The Nobel Conference 48th Annual Conference, topic for the two days is Our Global Ocean.  The lineup of speakers is a who’s who of ocean experts, chemist, geologists, ethicist, marine biologists…it is going to be such an awesome two days.

We quickly learn that there will be approximately 5000 attendees at this year’s conference, which includes 1700 high school students live or via the internet.  It is interesting to know that the conference is being broadcast live over the internet and if in the future I am unable to attend the conference on campus, I can always view it over the net. 

Attendees gather
And for those of you who would rather not read this above is the link to the archives of the Conference.  You can watch whichever segments strike your interest.  I will warn you in my comments below of those that were hard to sit through…I mean how many chemical formulas can you watch not understanding a thing?  You can also look over the conference topics from prior years and select those of interest to review.

The first speaker gets a late start due to the college formalities of all the welcomes and conferment of honorary degrees.  Actually, it was more special than that.  One of my questions for the conference was answered quickly.  I was wondering what the affiliation was with the Nobel Foundation.  Turns out that Gustavus Adolphus College is Swedish in its origins, back 150 years ago.  Forty-eight years ago the then president of the college approached the Nobel Foundation and requested permission to found a conference in Minnesota, USA affiliated with the Nobel Foundation.  The request was granted and thus began a 48 year history of top notch conferences. 

And…that honorary degree was awarded to Lars Johan Heikensten the current executive director of the Nobel Foundation.  His comments included a brief history of the Nobel Foundation and Nobel prizes.  The story was actually quite interesting.

The Conference begins
So, on to the first speaker.  David Gallo, Ph.D., Director of Special Projects, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA.  I was really looking forward to this guy.  I had seen him on TED.com speaking on essentially the same topic “Beyond Titanic – What’s Left To Be Discovered In The Deep Sea?”  and in just a few minutes in that format he had captured my attention and imagination.  A full hour of him would be immensely intriguing I was sure.  He immediately explains that he is not an academic thoroughbred.  His job prior to the Woods Hole Institute was as a shoe salesman…interesting career transition!!

So some of his presentation starts off exactly as his TED presentation; but here he has 60 minutes instead of 10, so we learn much more.  He shares with us again that 73% of the earth is covered in Ocean.  The average depth is 2.5 miles deep.  The largest mountain range on the planet is below the ocean, 50,000 miles long!!  He tells us there are under water rivers (???!!) and under water waterfalls 5x higher than Angel Falls in Yosemite. 

Dave Gallo, lead speaker
Dave tells us that if we don’t get our facts straight we are going to love the planet to death…ie the dispersant that was used in the Gulf of Mexico was as bad for the Gulf environment as the oil spill itself.  He tells us that the ocean floor captures human history and that humans are like a virus on the planet.  We learn that climate change and plate tectonics are what is changing the earth. 

There is of course much more detail, more than what I could capture in my notes.  So for each speaker I am attaching the link to their presentation at the Nobel Conference. 

Tip:  If you decide to watch the presentation, be sure to watch all the way through the Q&A section, especially in this case, the last question is the best!!

Beyond Titanic – What’s Left To Be Discovered In The Deep Sea?

The thrill of the conference for me was that the next day I got Dave’s autograph.  This is not something I normally do, but I mentioned to Karen that I would love his and on Wednesday as he passed us in a hallway Karen spoke up!!!  He was gracious, he was kind and he gave me his autograph!!!



2nd Speaker – Maya Tolstoy Ph.D.
Our Global Ocean Floor
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Columbia University, Palisades, NY

Dr. Tolstoy was also very interesting.  She is a marine geophysicist!!  Who knew such a thing existed.  She is also a seismologist.  She researches mid-ocean ridge earthquakes, the links between earthquakes and life at hydrothermal vent systems, seafloor instrumentation, and the impact of antropogenic noise on marine mammals. 

So…what I learned from her is that the mid-ocean ridge (that mountain chain I mentioned in David Gallo’s piece) is where new surfaces of the earth are constantly forming.  While the oldest section of the sea floor is over 200 million years old, it is also the most dynamic area on the planet. 

She talked about hydrothermal vents, which oddly enough I had learned about just recently in the reading of Bill Byson’s book “A History of Almost Everything.”  As these vents were discovered it was assumed that no life could live near them since they vent black smoke which has turned out to be heated ocean water filled with minerals and nutrients, spewing up from the earth’s core.  But the assumptions were wrong, there is life thriving at these vents, life that depends on chemosynthesis vs photosynthesis. 

Since it is earthquakes that drive the hydrothermal vents she likened earthquakes to life detection tools!

She also noted that sea floors pulsate with the tides, earth tides vs water tides which are constantly deforming so slightly that we can’t feel them.  Again earthquakes play a major role in this action.  So while we humans dread the idea of earthquakes and tremble in fear of them, they are in fact a life force for our planet. 

Again, there is so much more to her talk, please enjoy it for yourself.  She speaks it much better than I do.

Our Global Ocean Floor


3rd Speaker – Barbara Block, Ph.D.
Sushi and Satellites:  Tracking Large Predators in the Blue Serengeti
Hopkins Marine Station, Sanford University
Pacific Grove, CA

Marine biologist Barbara Block uses a multidisciplinary approach to study how large pelagic fish move around – and stay warm – in the open ocean.  Her team uses electronic tags to track large predators – tuna, billfish and sharks – on their ocean journeys.

She noted that 90% of big fish are gone in certain areas of the world.  She shared with the audience several internet sites that may be of interest to you. 

Dr. Block identified a section of the Pacific Ocean known as the Blue Serengeti which the big fish like Blue Fin Tuna use as a migration route.  Their project involves a lot of tagging of fish and she noted that to date in their tagging project they have retrieved 22% of their tags from the Atlantic and 51% from the Pacific.

Again, it is best to watch her presentation via the link below.

Sushi and Satellites:  Tracking Large Predators in the Blue Serengeti

Break time, a beautiful day....hard to go back inside!


4th Speaker – William F. Fitzgerald, Ph.D.
Mecury, Microbes, Mosquitoes, and More….
Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut
Groton, CT

Marine bio-geochemist and chemical oceanographer William Fitzgearld has been called ‘the father of mercury research’.  His interests are in atmospheric and marine chemistry with particular emphasis on global bio-geochemical cycles of trace metals and the environmental impact of metal emissions associated with human endeavors. 

Just a note here, this presentation was the most difficult to watch and understand as Dr. Fitzgerald is a chemist and tended to speak in very scientific terms that were beyond my comprehension. 

So, what I can share with you….

There is a 200% increase in mercury contamination globally since the advent of the industrial revolution.  And this is another tid bit that fits into my recent reading…again, Bill Bryson’s book on the history of everything…that when mercury was first discovered it was considered a savior for mankind on many fronts, most notably that it was used as a medicine for several ailments before it was fully understood. 

Methyl mercury in particular bioaccumulates and biomagnifies which means that its impact on life at every level is profound.  More than 60% of fish consumed comes from the coastal zone where methylmercury is most concentrated. 

Part of his research focuses on mosquitoes as they are bioindicators…
·        They have an aquatic life stage
·        Easily collected
·        And are ubiquitous

Again, if you are accustomed to scientific terminology his presentation will explain much better than I.

Mecury, Microbes, Mosquitoes, and More….




An evening concert was held at the College Church at the end of the first day.





Inside the church.

End of first day and this blog.